The Voynich Manuscript: Crowdsourcing Failure or Hoax?

伏尼契手稿:众包失败还是骗局?

2023-08-18 08:00 United Language Group

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Translation crowdsourcing has its setbacks, but you’d think the practice could produce an accurate linguistic rendering over the span of 600 years. That’s not true in the case of the Voynich Manuscript. The ancient, encoded text is said to date back to the late medieval period and has yet to be correctly deciphered. The book’s text uses unfamiliar words that are only found in the vellum-paged manuscript as well as pictures of what seem to be plants and some amateur drawings of nude women. Numerous theories as to the book’s content have popped up since its discovery: it was the work of philosopher Roger Bacon, the 13th century Franciscan Friar interested in alchemy and science; the book has been left behind by aliens for their human counterparts to decode; or, there is some connection to Leonardo da Vinci. The manuscript is seen by some as a hoax, merely a jumble of nonsensical words and pictures. Others see it as a mystery that could hold meaningful secrets. The original text sits in the rare book library at Yale University in the United States, but last month it was revealed that a Spanish book publisher intends to clone and sell 898 copies of the manuscript for around $8,000 each. If you can pay a pretty penny, you, too, will have a chance to be part of the “crowdsourcing” effort to translate the text. Relying on Others for the Answer Crowdsourcing is a process in which ordinary folk are asked to help solve a problem. This usually takes place on the internet and involves the input from a large number of people. The results produced can be fruitful or frustrating, depending on a number of variables. Translation crowdsourcing is cheap, and can be a good way to implement knowledge from a diverse audience of native and bilingual speakers. The downside is that asking laypeople to provide translations probably won’t produce the same quality results obtained by hiring a professional translator with subject matter expertise. The absence of collaboration between crowdsource members is another problem. This means there will likely be inconsistencies when trying to establish a coherent voice. One word in one part of a country could mean something completely different in another region. Cracking the Code The enigma of Voynich has attracted the attention of scholars and non-experts alike. Said to be one of the text’s first owners, Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II paid today’s equivalent to almost $100,000 in the 16th or 17th century to obtain the manuscript. After changing hands over the years, in 1912 the book wound up in the possession of bookseller Wilfrid Voynich, and the manuscript has been named after him ever since. Voynich sent a copy to William Newbold, a philosophy professor, who claimed the work was that of philosopher Roger Bacon. However, this theory has been debunked. Some believe the book is one of botany and/or astrology, hence the pictures of what look to be plants and astrological signs. Others have suspected the author of the text could be Da Vinci. Amateur historians and linguists, along with those who are just intrigued by the subject, have dedicated vast amounts of time to cracking the code that is found in the Voynich Manuscript. Still, even with the help of scholars and laymen, there hasn’t been much progress in solving the text’s mystery. The aged manuscript is proof of either one of two things: That crowdsourcing can be a drastic failure, unable to produce cogent answers over the span of more than 500 years, or, the Voynich Manuscript is a fake. Whatever the case may be, unsuccessful attempts at decoding the book have definitely not deterred the enthusiasms of those interested in the text to this point. For those trying to decipher known languages instead of the cryptic text of Vonyich, it’s best to stick to the translation industry’s best practices. When taking on a project, it’s important to know your audience, whether you’ll need a language services provider (LSP) like ULG, and how to implement technological solutions to improve turnaround and savings. If done right, translation isn’t a cryptic process.
翻译众包有其挫折,但你会认为这种做法可以在600年的时间里产生准确的语言翻译。 伏尼契手稿的情况并非如此。据说这种古老的编码文本可以追溯到中世纪晚期,至今仍未被正确破译。 这本书的文本使用了只有在牛皮纸手稿中才能找到的陌生词汇,以及似乎是植物的图片和一些业余裸体女性的绘画。自从这本书被发现以来,关于它的内容出现了许多理论:它是哲学家罗杰·培根的作品,他是13世纪对炼金术和科学感兴趣的方济各会修士;这本书被外星人留下,让他们的人类同行解码;或者说,和达芬奇有某种联系。 这份手稿被一些人看作是一场骗局,仅仅是一堆无意义的文字和图片。其他人认为这是一个可能包含有意义的秘密的谜。 原文收藏在美国耶鲁大学的稀有图书图书馆,但上个月有消息称,一家西班牙图书出版商打算克隆并出售898份手稿,每份售价约为8000美元。如果你能付一大笔钱,你也将有机会成为翻译文本的“众包”工作的一部分。 依靠别人的答案 众包是一个要求普通人帮助解决问题的过程。这通常发生在互联网上,涉及大量的人的输入。产生的结果可能是富有成效的,也可能是令人沮丧的,这取决于许多变量。 翻译众包很便宜,而且是一种很好的方式来实现来自不同母语和双语受众的知识。不利的一面是,让外行人提供翻译可能不会产生与雇佣具有专业知识的专业翻译相同的质量结果。 众包成员之间缺乏合作是另一个问题。这意味着当试图建立一个连贯的声音时,可能会有不一致的地方。一个词在一个国家的某个地方可能意味着另一个地区完全不同的东西。 破解密码 伏尼契之谜吸引了学者和非专家的注意。据说神圣罗马帝国皇帝鲁道夫二世是该手稿的第一批所有者之一,他在16或17世纪支付了相当于今天的近10万美元来获得这份手稿。 经过多年的易手,这本书于1912年落入书商威尔弗莱德·伏尼契手中,手稿从此以他的名字命名。 伏尼契寄了一份副本给哲学教授威廉·纽博尔德,他声称这是哲学家罗杰·培根的作品。然而,这一理论已经被揭穿。 一些人认为这本书是一本植物学和/或占星术的书,因此有看起来像植物和占星符号的图片。其他人怀疑这篇文章的作者可能是达芬奇。业余历史学家和语言学家,以及那些对这个主题感兴趣的人,投入了大量的时间来破解伏尼契手稿中的密码。尽管如此,即使有学者和外行人的帮助,在解开文本之谜方面也没有太大进展。 古老的手稿证明了两件事之一:众包可能是一个巨大的失败,无法在500多年的时间里产生令人信服的答案,或者,伏尼契手稿是假的。 不管是什么情况,解码这本书的不成功尝试绝对没有阻止那些对文本感兴趣的人的热情。 对于那些试图破译已知语言而不是Vonyich的神秘文本的人来说,最好坚持翻译行业的最佳实践。当接手一个项目时,了解你的受众,你是否需要像ULG这样的语言服务提供商(LSP),以及如何实施技术解决方案来提高周转和节约是很重要的。如果做得好,翻译不是一个神秘的过程。

以上中文文本为机器翻译,存在不同程度偏差和错误,请理解并参考英文原文阅读。

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