IATE Term of the Week: Digital Language Extinction

IATE本周期限:数字语言灭绝

2022-04-08 19:50 terminology Coordination

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It is said that 70 to 90% of languages are gradually driving to extinction. Do you think that digital technology is trying to elevate this problem of language extinction or exasperate it? Language is a part of our culture and identity and it is an important component and heritage for every community. The EU is branded by its linguistic and multicultural diversity, and the languages spoken in EU countries are an essential part of its exquisite cultural heritage. Unfortunately, a new study by Europe’s leading Language Technology experts warns that in this digital age most European languages are unlikely to survive. Assessing the level of support through language technology for 30 of the approximately 80 European languages, the experts conclude that digital support for 21 of the 30 languages investigated is “non-existent”, or “weak” at best. The study “Europe’s Languages in the Digital Age” was carried out by META-NET, a European network of excellence that consists of 60 research centres in 34 countries, working on the technological foundations of multilingual Europe. What is Digital language extinction? Digital language extinction is the fact that certain languages disappear from the digital realm as a result of a process of underrepresentation in the Internet. Linguistic underrepresentation can be managed, but imagine “linguistic extinction”! This will have a drastic impact on our future culture and society, thus language extinction will amount to the loss of intergenerational culture and identity (legacy). Today much of language communication occurs digitally and the lack of language accessibility in digital spheres has hindered some (minority) languages. Some observable signs of Language extinction are: The loss of function, seen whenever other languages take over entire functional areas such as commerce. The loss of prestige, especially clearly reflected in the attitudes of the younger generation. The loss of competence, manifested by the emergence of ‘semi-speakers’ who still understand the older generation, but adopt a drastically simplified (reanalysed) version of the grammar. However, it is said that a language may not be completely dead until the death of its last speaker. At present, Europe is more passionate and concern about preserving and promoting its languages than it has been before, it is concerned about digital language extinction and digital language equality (passed by the European Parliament in September 2018), it is also very interested in the idea of establishing a solid language technology base for overcoming language barriers and extinction. For example, the ECSPM (European civil society platform for multilingualism) is one of 52 partners in a consortium of European organisations working towards the goal of digital language equality by 2030, on the basis of the European Language Equality (ELE) project which is a direct response to the resolution “Language equality in the digital age”. The ELE project, which started on 1 January 2021 and will end in June 2022, closely collaborates with the European Language Grid (ELG) that will strengthen the commercial European Language Technology landscape, offering powerful multilingual, cross-lingual and monolingual technologies, ELG will contribute to the emergence of a truly connected, language-crossing Multilingual Digital Single Market. Prof. Dr. Annette Schavan (German Minister of Education and Research) “Europe’s inherent multilingualism and our scientific expertise are the perfect prerequisites for significantly advancing the challenge that language technology poses. META-NET opens up new opportunities for the development of ubiquitous multilingual technologies.” References Digital Language Death. 2022. Digital Language Death. [ONLINE] Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0077056. [Accessed 08 April 2022]. dli-cornell-tech. 2022. DL Seminar | Saving Languages from Digital Extinction. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.dli.tech.cornell.edu/post/dl-seminar-saving-languages-from-digital-extinction. [Accessed 08 April 2022]. ECSPM. 2022. European Language Equality. [ONLINE] Available at: https://ecspm.org/. [Accessed 8 April 2022]. European Language Equality. 2022. European Language Equality. [ONLINE] Available at: https://european-language-equality.eu/2021/06/25/what-is-digital-language-equality/. [Accessed 08 April 2022]. European Union. 2022. Languages. [ONLINE] Available at: https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/languages_en [Accessed 08 April 2022]. META-NET White Paper Series: All Quotes and Testimonials — META Multilingual Europe Technology Alliance. 2022. META-NET White Paper Series: All Quotes and Testimonials — META Multilingual Europe Technology Alliance. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.meta-net.eu/whitepapers/all-quotes-and-testimonials. [Accessed 08 April 2022]. Utrecht University. 2022. Many European languages in danger of digital extinction – News – Utrecht University. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.uu.nl/en/news/many-european-languages-in-danger-of-digital-extinction. [Accessed 08 April 2022].
据说70%到90%的语言正在逐渐走向灭绝。你认为数字技术是在试图提升还是加剧语言灭绝的问题? 语言是我们的文化和身份的一部分,是每个社区的重要组成部分和遗产。欧盟以其语言和多元文化的多样性而闻名,欧盟国家所讲的语言是其精美文化遗产的重要组成部分。 不幸的是,欧洲领先的语言技术专家的一项新研究警告说,在这个数字时代,大多数欧洲语言不太可能生存下来。专家们评估了通过语言技术对大约80种欧洲语言中的30种语言的支持水平,得出结论认为,对所调查的30种语言中的21种语言的数字支持“不存在”,或者充其量是“薄弱”。“数字时代的欧洲语言”研究是由META-NET进行的,这是一个欧洲优秀网络,由34个国家的60个研究中心组成,致力于多语言欧洲的技术基础。 什么是数字语言灭绝? 数字语言灭绝是指某些语言由于在互联网上的代表性不足而从数字领域消失的事实。语言的代表性不足是可以控制的,但想象一下“语言灭绝”吧!这将对我们未来的文化和社会产生巨大的影响,因此语言的灭绝将相当于跨代文化和身份(遗产)的丧失。 今天,许多语言交流都是以数字方式进行的,而数字领域缺乏语言可访问性阻碍了一些(少数)语言。 语言灭绝的一些明显迹象是: 功能的丧失,每当其他语言接管整个功能领域(如商业)时,就会出现这种情况。 威望的丧失,尤其明显地反映在年轻一代的态度上。 能力的丧失,表现为“半说话者”的出现,他们仍然理解老一辈,但采用了大大简化(重新分析)的语法版本。 但是,据说一种语言可能不会完全死亡,直到它的最后一个说话者去世。 当前,欧洲对保存和推广其语言比以往更有激情和关注,它关注数字语言灭绝和数字语言平等(2018年9月欧洲议会通过),它也对为克服语言障碍和灭绝建立坚实的语言技术基础的想法非常感兴趣。 例如,ECSPM(欧洲多语言公民社会平台)是一个欧洲组织联盟的52个合作伙伴之一,该联盟致力于到2030年实现数字语言平等的目标,其基础是欧洲语言平等(ELE)项目,该项目是对“数字时代的语言平等”决议的直接回应。 ELE项目于2021年1月1日启动,将于2022年6月结束,与欧洲语言网格(ELG)紧密合作,将加强欧洲语言技术的商业版图,提供强大的多语言、跨语言和单语言技术,ELG将为真正互联的、跨语言的多语言数字单一市场的出现做出贡献。 Annette Schavan教授博士(德国教育和研究部长) “欧洲固有的多语言性和我们的科学专业知识是显著推进语言技术带来的挑战的完美先决条件。META-NET为普遍存在的多语言技术的发展开辟了新的机会。“ 参考文献 数位语言死亡。2022.数位语言死亡。[在线]可从以下网址获得:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?这是一个很好的例子。[访问日期:2022年4月8日] dli-康奈尔技术公司。2022. DL研讨会|保护语言免于数字灭绝。[在线]可从以下网址获得:https://www.dli.tech.cornell.edu/post/dl-seminar-saving-languages-from-digital-extinction. [访问日期:2022年4月8日] ECSPM。2022.欧洲语言平等。[在线]可从以下网址获得:https://ecspm.org/. [ 2022年4月8日访问]。 欧洲语言平等。2022.欧洲语言平等。[在线]可从以下网址获得:https://european-language-equality.eu/2021/06/25/what-is-digital-language-equality/. [访问日期:2022年4月8日] 欧洲联盟。2022.语言。[在线]可从以下网址获得:[访问日期:2022年4月8日]。 META-NET白皮书系列:所有报价和客户评价-META多语言欧洲技术联盟。2022. META-NET白皮书系列:所有报价和客户评价-META多语言欧洲技术联盟。[在线]可从以下网址获得:http://www.meta-net.eu/whitepapers/all-quotes-and-testimonials. [访问日期:2022年4月8日] 乌得勒支大学。2022.许多欧洲语言面临数字灭绝的危险—新闻—乌得勒支大学。[在线]可从以下网址获得:https://www.uu.nl/en/news/many-european-languages-in-danger-of-digital-extinction. [访问日期:2022年4月8日]

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