REPOST IATE Term of the Week: Common European Asylum System

本周新学期:欧洲共同庇护制度

2022-08-26 19:25 terminology Coordination

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On the occasion of the World Refugee Day, celebrated on the 21st June every year since 2001, it is essential to learn more about the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). Over the past few decades, the critical situation in the Mediterranean has led most Member States to take action in the fields of migration and asylum. According to article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), any man, woman or child has the right to seek asylum from persecution in other countries. Furthermore, any person searching for international protection on grounds of persecution due to race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion must be recognised as a refugee (1951 Refugee Convention). Asylum flows across the European Union have increased dramatically over the past few years. For instance, 638 thousand asylum seekers applied for international protection within the Member States of the EU in 2018. The problem arises when it comes to revising each asylum application in all these countries. Thus, in order to harmonise the rules in matters of asylum across the Union, the European Council decided in 1999, through the Tampere Conclusions, to establish a Common European Asylum System (CEAS). To this day, the 28 member states continue to work on improving the current legislative framework related to asylum and international protection. In 2016, the European Commission launched a process of reformation of the CEAS in order to improve some of the previous rules such as the amendments of the Dublin Regulation or the Eurodac Regulation. This legislative package ensures asylum seekers an equal and fair treatment wherever they apply. In fact, migration and asylum policies have been a priority in the last European elections. Moreover, the advancing climate change has forced a number of populations to leave their home due to its adverse effects. Despite the fact that the CEAS has paved the way for a uniform status of asylum throughout the EU, there is much to do in order to come across a unified legislation in order to combat the current refugee crisis amongst the 28 member states of the European Union. References: Sources: Council of the European Union. Presidency Conclusions, Tampere European Council, 16 October 1999. Retrieved from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/00200-r1.en9.htm [Accessed June 5, 2019] European Asylum Support Office (EASO). An Introduction to the Common European Asylum System for Courts and Tribunals: A Judicial Analysis. August 2016. Retrieved from: https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/public/BZ0216138ENN.PDF [Accessed June 6, 2019] European Parliament. The concept of “climate refugee”: Towards a possible definition, 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2018/621893/EPRS_BRI(2018)621893_EN.pdf [Accessed June 6, 2019] European Parliament News. Improving the Common European Asylum System, 30 June 2017. Retrieved from: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20170627STO78418/improving-the-common-european-asylum-systemSources [Accessed June 5, 2019] Eurostat. Asylum applications (non-EU) in the EU-27 member states, 2008–2018. 10 May 2019. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_statistics#Number_of_asylum_applicants:_drop_in_2018 [Accessed June 6, 2019] IATE (n.d.). Retrieved June 5, 2019 from: https://iate.europa.eu/search/standard/result/1559748587942/1. UN General Assembly, Article 14, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ [Accessed June 3, 2019] UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Article 1. The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. Retrieved from: https://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf [Accessed June 5, 2019] Written by Icíar Sastre Domínguez She was a Trainee in the Spanish Translation Unit of the European Parliament (Luxembourg) and a student of the Double Master’s Programme in Applied French Language (Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Sorbonne Université). She holds a Bachelor’s Degree in English Language and Literature from the University of Salamanca. Edited by Cécile Mayeres
自2001年以来,每年的6月21日都是世界难民日,值此之际,有必要更多地了解欧洲共同庇护制度(CEAS)。过去几十年来,地中海的危急局势导致大多数成员国在移徙和庇护领域采取行动。 根据《世界人权宣言》(1948)第14条,任何男子、妇女或儿童都有权寻求庇护,以免在其他国家受到迫害。此外,任何因种族、宗教、国籍、某一特定社会群体成员或政治见解而受到迫害而寻求国际保护的人都必须被承认为难民(1951年《难民公约》)。过去几年,欧盟各地的庇护流动急剧增加。例如,2018年,63.8万寻求庇护者在欧盟成员国申请国际保护。当涉及到修改所有这些国家的每一份庇护申请时,问题就出现了。 因此,为了协调整个联盟在庇护问题上的规则,欧洲理事会于1999年通过《坦佩雷结论》决定建立一个共同的欧洲庇护制度。时至今日,28个成员国继续致力于改进与庇护和国际保护有关的现行立法框架。2016年,欧盟委员会启动了CEAS的改革进程,以改进以前的一些规则,如《都柏林条例》或《欧洲发展援助委员会条例》的修正案。 这项一揽子立法确保寻求庇护者无论在何处申请都能得到平等和公平的待遇。事实上,移民和庇护政策一直是上次欧洲选举的优先事项。此外,日益加剧的气候变化迫使许多人因其不利影响而离开家园。 尽管CEAS为整个欧盟统一的庇护地位铺平了道路,但要制定统一的立法,以应对欧洲联盟28个成员国目前的难民危机,还有许多工作要做。 参考资料: 资料来源: 欧洲联盟理事会。欧洲理事会主席的结论,1999年10月16日,坦佩雷。检索自:https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/00200-r1.en9.htm[2019年6月5日访问] 欧洲庇护支助办公室(EASO)。欧洲法院和法庭共同庇护制度导论:司法分析。2016年8月。检索自:https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/public/bz0216138enn.pdf[2019年6月6日访问] 欧洲议会。《“气候难民”的概念:走向可能的定义》,2019年。检索自:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/regdata/etudes/brie/2018/621893/eprs_bri(2018)621893_en.pdf[访问于2019年6月6日] 欧洲议会新闻。《改善欧洲共同庇护制度》,2017年6月30日。检索自:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20170627sto78418/informing-the-common-europroly-systemsources[2019年6月5日访问] 欧统局。欧盟27个成员国的庇护申请(非欧盟),2008-2018年。2019年5月10日。检索自:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/asylum_statistics#number_of_asylum_applicites:_drop_in_2018[2019年6月6日访问] IATE(N.D.)。2019年6月5日检索自:https://iate.europa.eu/search/standard/result/1559748587942/1。 联合国大会,1948年12月10日,《世界人权宣言》第14条。检索自:https://www.un.org/en/world-declarment-human-rights/[2019年6月3日访问] 联合国难民事务高级专员(难民署)。第1条。1951年《关于难民地位的公约》及其1967年《议定书》。检索自:https://www.unhcr.org/protect/protection/3b66c2aa10.pdf[2019年6月5日访问] 作者:西亚尔·萨斯特·多明格斯 她曾是欧洲议会西班牙语翻译股(卢森堡)的实习生和应用法语双硕士课程(马德里大学和索邦大学)的学生。她拥有萨拉曼卡大学的英语语言和文学学士学位。 编辑:Cécile Mayeres

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