Construction Delivery Methods: A Quick Guide for Projects

施工交付方法: 项目快速指南

2022-08-04 19:00 project manager

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Construction delivery methods matter. They are the means by which a construction project gets from idea to completion. That’s a long and complicated journey in construction project management, which is why knowing the best construction delivery method is so important. You can’t reach the end of your project if you’re not sure of the steps to get there, and construction delivery methods outline those steps. Before we look at the various construction delivery methods, we need to first make sure we’re clear on what a construction delivery method is. We’ll then explore how to choose the right construction delivery method for your organization and project. Finally, we’ll describe some of the more popular construction delivery methods and how construction project management software can help deliver success no matter which construction delivery method you choose. What Is a Construction Delivery Method? A construction delivery method is a procedure by which a construction project goes from initiation to close. It’s a system for organizing and financing the design, construction, operations and maintenance services for the build on which you’re working, be it in a structure or facility. It’s a legal agreement, like a contract, that’s between different parties involved in the construction project. There isn’t just one construction delivery method. There are many different types, from design-bid-build, design-build and construction manager at risk to integrated project delivery, job order contracting and public-private partnerships. These are only the most popular construction delivery methods, which we’ll detail in a moment. While there are others, we don’t focus on them because they’re more niche or less used in the industry. These other methods could be worth researching if the ones we highlight aren’t a good fit for your company and work. Whichever construction delivery method you choose, you’re going to need construction project management software to get the most out of it. ProjectManager is project management software with the features you need to deliver your construction project successfully through every phase of its lifecycle. Our robust Gantt charts help you organize tasks, plan resources and costs, link dependencies, filter for the critical path and set a baseline to monitor project variance and keep your construction project on track. Get started with ProjectManager today for free. How to Choose a Construction Delivery Method With so many construction delivery methods to choose from, how do you know the one that’s right for you? First, you must know what you’re building and why. But that’s only the start. You need more details in order to better choose a construction delivery method. To help guide you, look at the project budget, design, risks, schedule and owner’s expertise. One of the more important parts of the project to settle on is the construction budget, so you’ll want to establish this as quickly as possible. You’ll also want to bring the design and construction team into the conversation to get their feedback on how realistic the budget you’ve come up with actually is. Don’t forget to add some financial wiggle room in order to handle change orders that will inevitably come up during the build. Naturally, software costs will be part of the budget. Remember, these tools, including resource management tools, are upfront costs but are instrumental in reducing costs and speeding up the delivery of your project. Next, is design. It’s not enough to have a clear picture of what the structure you’re building looks like. You must also take into account the functionality of your building. Is there a flow to your floor plan? Is the plan more innovative than functional? This is the point where you have to check your ambition against reality. It’s all well and good to have a complex design, but not if it’s going to interfere with the electrical system, plumbing or any other essential system. Another consideration is construction risk. If there are too many risks, then the cost of the project could skyrocket and the whole endeavor could fail. Before you choose a construction delivery method, a thorough risk evaluation must be done long before committing to a project. Don’t neglect liability. For example, who will be responsible for design problems that result in dangerous situations on the job site and after construction is completed? The construction delivery methods need to be examined for liability and other risk factors. Then there’s your construction schedule. Having an accurate schedule is important, and schedule and project costs are closely linked. If you accelerate the schedule, costs will rise. You need to think about the timeline necessary to meet your expected schedule and costs. Do owners want you to fast-track the project before the completion of all construction drawings and documents? Is the schedule too ambitious, which leads to overrun and unhappy stakeholders? All of these variables will lead you to one construction delivery method over another. The last piece in this puzzle is the owner. The owner can have a big impact on your project and the construction delivery method depending on their familiarity with construction and the job type. Are they used to working at this size and scope? Do they have the staff to oversee all of the processes involved? Owners can cause costly bottlenecks that lead to delays, so it’s important they’re a good fit for a successful project. The level of expertise might not make or break a project, but it will help you determine the right construction delivery method for the job. Top Construction Delivery Methods There are many factors to consider when deciding on the construction delivery method that’s best for the project. To make the right choice, you need to know the various construction delivery methods and what they mean. Some will be ideal while others will be easy to dismiss. In order to know which is right for you and the construction project, it’s imperative to understand the most common construction delivery methods. Design-Bid-Build (DBB) Design-bid-build or DBB is the sequence of phases in this construction delivery method. It’s also called traditional as it’s the most common. It starts with the selection of an architect who designs the project. This is done before the owner selects a general contractor, which is done through the submission of bids. The last phase is the building of the project. This construction delivery method consists of two contracts, one for the design and the other for the construction. This construction delivery method is not only common but usually less costly, at least up front. Owners have time to offer feedback about design before construction begins. At this point, it’s easier and less expensive to make those changes. The drawback of DBB is that there’s no collaboration between design and construction, which can lead to issues. There might be material or technical problems with the design that the general contractor wants to resolve before construction. Design-Build (DB) Gaining popularity is the design-build or DB construction delivery method. It’s more straightforward for owners and tends to reduce risk. But owners have less input on design, construction management and trade partners than in other construction delivery methods. That’s because, in this method, the design and construction are handled by one firm, so the owner only needs one contract for architecture, engineering and construction. That doesn’t mean the design and construction firm have carte blanche. Performance requirements are specified by the owner in the contract. That will lead to fewer change orders as the design construction firm will be in close collaboration, saving costs, speeding up the delivery of the project and avoiding potential litigation. The owner is still giving up a great deal of control in this construction delivery method. The onerous is on the owner to do the research when selecting the firm to make sure they’re a good fit and detailing what they want in the contract. Related: 8 Free Excel Construction Templates Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR) This construction delivery method is popular when owners need a firm deadline and a definite price for the project’s completion. The construction manager is like a consultant to the owner during the design phase of the project. The construction manager selects the subcontractors for the job and accepts the risk of meeting the deadline and pricing. The owner, in return, sets a guaranteed maximum price (GMP), which is like a fixed payment. The owner has two contracts, one with the designer and the other with the construction manager. The owner works directly with the designer in construction manager at risk or CM at risk, also known as CMAR. The owner gets the perspective of the builder to establish costs early in the project, improving the chance of faster delivery. However, the owner isn’t without exposure to risk. They can be liable for the completeness, accuracy and details of the design plan. There’s also the possibility of conflict between the designer and the construction manager, which can lead to delays, more costs and even litigation. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) New and gaining traction is integrated project delivery or IPD. It’s all about teamwork and collaboration. The goal of this construction delivery method is to share liability, responsibility, risk and reward among construction stakeholders. It’s often used in lean construction management to reduce waste and costs. In this method, the owner, designer and general manager are all obligated under one contract. Before the construction breaks ground, the owner can provide input to those involved in the job. The owner offers incentives for the design and construction teams, aligns goals and, in so doing, increases the likelihood of success. Collaboration tools are important to keep everyone communicating. This method has yet to fully establish itself and, therefore, can be expensive. There are also a lot of stakeholders, which means getting the contract right is time-consuming. Job Order Contracting (JOC) This can be considered a subset of integrated project delivery, especially when dealing with the repair, renovation, maintenance, sustainability and even small new construction jobs. Each contract uses a unit price book to set the price for each job and this is done across a multi-year umbrella contract. A unit price book is a detailed and defined scope of work and estimate of costs for the job based on labor, materials and equipment costs. This type of construction delivery method is somewhat of a niche product, but valuable in that it can lead to cost reductions, improved schedule performance and client satisfaction. The problem with using a unit price book is that once approved if prices fluctuate, the construction will be more costly. If you’re not paying attention to detail, you’re could find yourself in trouble. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) As the name implies, this construction delivery method is a cooperative arrangement between a public and private entity. The public entity is usually the owner, while the private entity is usually the designer, builder and financier, though it’s possible they’re also responsible for operations and maintenance. This provides better infrastructure as each participant does what they do best. There’s often faster delivery and the return on investment (ROI) can be greater. But the risk for the private entities in this partnership can increase the cost to the public entity. If there are only a limited number of private entities and a small field of bidders, that reduced competition leads to a less cost-effective partnering. Profits vary depending on the risk. ProjectManager Helps With Project Delivery Those are just some of the more common construction delivery methods, but all of them are improved by using project management software. ProjectManager is online construction project management software that connects all parties with real-time communication to facilitate collaboration. When you’re all working together on the same updated data, project success greatly improves. Use the Tool You Want Not only that, but designers, construction companies and owners aren’t always using the same tools, which is why we have multiple project views. Owners can look at calendars to make sure that milestones are being met. The general contractor can use interactive Gantt charts to organize tasks on a timeline and manage resource costs. Crews on site can check off tasks on robust list views that show the percentage complete while designers can visually track workflows on robust kanban boards. All views are updated simultaneously with real-time data so everyone is working with the same data. Work Better Together Yes, multiple project views are all updated together, but our online software also means that everyone in every team can connect whether they’re in the office, on-site or working remotely. We have unlimited file storage, which means all your construction documents and drawers are in a centralized hub that can be accessed by everyone. All files can be easily shared and teams can even comment at the task level or tag someone not assigned to that task and bring them into the conversation. Users get email notifications to keep them updated on changes, but there is also in-app alerts so you don’t have to leave the tool. Our collaborative platform connects everyone regardless of which construction delivery method you use. Our software can help plan, monitor and report on every phase of the construction project to keep everyone informed. Real-time dashboards give you a high-level view of six project metrics in easy-to-read graphs and charts. The data is collected, calculated and displayed automatically—there’s no setup like with lightweight tools. You can dive deeper into the data with customizable reports on status, cost, time and more, which can be shared with stakeholders to keep them updated. We’re your one-stop for all construction needs. ProjectManager is award-winning construction software that can help you manage projects no matter which construction delivery method is right for you. Our real-time data means better collaboration and we have the features you need to control every aspect of the build, from initiation to closure. Get started with ProjectManager today for free.
施工交付方法很重要。它们是建设项目从构思到完成的手段。这是建筑项目管理中漫长而复杂的旅程,这就是为什么了解最佳的建筑交付方法如此重要的原因。如果你不确定到达那里的步骤,你就无法到达项目的终点,而建筑交付方法概述了这些步骤。 在研究各种施工交付方法之前,我们需要首先确保我们清楚什么是施工交付方法。然后,我们将探讨如何为您的组织和项目选择合适的施工交付方式。最后,我们将描述一些更流行的建筑交付方法,以及无论您选择哪种建筑交付方法,建筑项目管理软件如何帮助实现成功。 什么是施工交付方式? 施工交付方法是施工项目从开始到结束的过程。这是一个系统,用于组织和资助您正在工作的建筑的设计,建造,运营和维护服务,无论是在结构还是设施中。这是一个法律协议,就像合同一样,是在建筑项目中不同的当事人之间达成的。 不仅仅是一种建筑交付方法。有许多不同的类型,从设计-投标-建造,设计-建造和施工经理面临风险,到综合项目交付,工作订单承包和公私合作伙伴关系。这些只是最流行的建筑交付方法,我们稍后将详细介绍。虽然还有其他人,但我们并不关注它们,因为它们在行业中更细分或使用更少。如果我们强调的方法不适合您的公司和工作,那么这些其他方法可能值得研究。 无论你选择哪种施工交付方式,你都需要施工项目管理软件来充分利用它。ProjectManager是项目管理软件,具有在其生命周期的每个阶段成功交付建设项目所需的功能。我们强大的甘特图可帮助您组织任务,计划资源和成本,链接依赖性,筛选关键路径并设置基线以监视项目差异并使您的建设项目步入正轨。立即免费开始使用ProjectManager。 如何选择施工交付方式 有这么多建筑交付方法可供选择,你怎么知道最适合你的?首先,你必须知道你在建造什么,为什么。但这只是开始。您需要更多细节,以便更好地选择施工交付方式。为了帮助指导您,请查看项目预算,设计,风险,进度和所有者的专业知识。 项目中最重要的部分之一是建筑预算,因此您需要尽快建立预算。您还希望将设计和施工团队带入对话,以获取他们对您提出的预算实际有多现实的反馈。 不要忘记增加一些财务回旋余地,以便处理在构建过程中不可避免地出现的变更单。自然,软件成本将成为预算的一部分。请记住,这些工具 (包括资源管理工具) 是前期成本,但有助于降低成本并加快项目交付。 接下来,是设计。仅仅清楚地了解您正在构建的结构是什么样子是不够的。您还必须考虑建筑物的功能。你的平面图有流量吗?该计划是否更具创新性,而不是功能性?这是你必须对照现实检查你的野心的时候。拥有复杂的设计是很好的选择,但是如果它会干扰电气系统,管道或任何其他基本系统,则不会。 另一个考虑因素是施工风险。如果风险太多,那么该项目的成本可能会飙升,整个努力可能会失败。在选择施工交付方法之前,必须在承诺项目之前进行彻底的风险评估。不要忽视责任。例如,谁将负责在工作现场和施工完成后导致危险情况的设计问题?施工交付方式需要检查责任和其他风险因素。 然后是你的施工时间表。有一个准确的进度计划很重要,进度计划和项目成本是紧密相连的。如果你加快进度,成本就会上升。您需要考虑满足预期时间表和成本所需的时间表。业主是否希望您在所有施工图和文件完成之前快速跟踪项目?时间表是否过于雄心勃勃,从而导致利益相关者超支和不满意?所有这些变量将引导您找到一种构造交付方法,而不是另一种构造交付方法。 这个谜题的最后一块是主人。业主可能会对你的项目和施工交付方式产生很大的影响,这取决于他们对施工的熟悉程度和工作类型。他们习惯在这种规模和范围内工作吗?他们是否有员工来监督所有相关流程?业主可能会造成代价高昂的瓶颈,导致延误,所以重要的是,他们非常适合一个成功的项目。专业水平可能不会成败一个项目,但它将帮助您确定适合该工作的施工交付方法。 顶级施工交付方式 在决定最适合该项目的施工交付方式时,需要考虑许多因素。要做出正确的选择,您需要了解各种施工交付方法及其含义。有些是理想的,而另一些则很容易被解雇。为了知道哪个适合您和建筑项目,必须了解最常见的建筑交付方法。 设计-投标-建造 (DBB) 设计-投标-建造或DBB是这种施工交付方法中的阶段顺序。它也被称为传统,因为它是最常见的。首先选择设计项目的建筑师。这是在业主选择总承包商之前完成的,这是通过提交标书来完成的。最后一个阶段是项目的建设。这种施工交付方式包括两个合同,一个合同用于设计,另一个合同用于施工。 这种施工交付方法不仅很常见,而且通常成本较低,至少是预先的。业主有时间在施工开始之前提供有关设计的反馈。在这一点上,进行这些更改更容易且成本更低。DBB的缺点是设计和施工之间没有协作,这可能会导致问题。总承包商在施工前希望解决的设计可能存在重大或技术问题。 设计-构建 (DB) 越来越受欢迎的是设计建造或数据库建造交付方法。对于所有者来说,这更直接,并且倾向于降低风险。但是,与其他建筑交付方式相比,业主在设计,施工管理和贸易伙伴方面的投入较少。这是因为,在这种方法中,设计和施工由一家公司处理,因此业主只需要一份建筑、工程和施工合同。 这并不意味着设计和建筑公司拥有全权委托。履约要求由业主在合同中规定。这将导致变更订单减少,因为设计施工公司将密切合作,节省成本,加快项目交付速度并避免潜在的诉讼。业主仍在放弃这种施工交付方式的大量控制。在选择公司以确保他们合适并在合同中详细说明他们想要什么时,业主要做的是繁重的调查。 相关: 8个免费的Excel构建模板 风险施工经理 (CMAR) 当业主需要确定的截止日期和项目完成的确定价格时,这种施工交付方法很受欢迎。在项目的设计阶段,施工经理就像是业主的顾问。施工经理选择该工作的分包商,并接受满足期限和定价的风险。作为回报,所有者设定了保证的最高价格 (GMP),这就像固定付款一样。业主有两份合同,一份与设计师签订,另一份与施工经理签订。 业主直接与施工经理中的设计师一起工作,在风险二1212,也称为二1212 AR。业主从建筑商的角度出发,在项目的早期建立成本,从而提高了更快交付的机会。但是,所有者并非没有风险。他们可能对设计方案的完整性、准确性和细节负责。设计师和施工经理之间也有可能发生冲突,这可能导致延误,更多的费用甚至诉讼。 综合项目交付 (IPD) 新的和越来越吸引人的是综合项目交付或IPD。一切都与团队合作和协作有关。这种施工交付方式的目标是在施工利益相关者之间分担责任,责任,风险和回报。它通常用于精益施工管理中,以减少浪费和成本。在这种方法中,所有者,设计师和总经理都根据一项合同承担义务。 在施工破土动工之前,业主可以向参与这项工作的人提供意见。业主为设计和施工团队提供激励,调整目标,这样做会增加成功的可能性。协作工具对于保持每个人的交流很重要。这种方法尚未完全建立起来,因此可能很昂贵。还有很多利益相关者,这意味着获得正确的合同非常耗时。 工作订单合同 (JOC) 这可以被认为是综合项目交付的一个子集,特别是在处理维修、翻新、维护、可持续性甚至小型新建筑工作时。每个合同都使用单价书来设置每个作业的价格,这是在多年总括合同中完成的。单价书是根据人工,材料和设备成本详细定义的工作范围和工作成本估算。 这种类型的建筑交付方法在某种程度上是一种利基产品,但有价值的是,它可以降低成本,提高进度绩效和客户满意度。使用单价簿的问题在于,一旦获得批准,如果价格波动,建造成本将更高。如果您不注意细节,可能会遇到麻烦。 公私伙伴关系 (PPP) 顾名思义,这种建筑交付方式是公共和私人实体之间的合作安排。公共实体通常是所有者,而私人实体通常是设计者、建设者和金融家,尽管他们也有可能负责运营和维护。这提供了更好的基础设施,因为每个参与者都做他们最擅长的事情。 通常会有更快的交付,投资回报率 (ROI) 也会更高。但是,这种伙伴关系中私人实体的风险可能会增加公共实体的成本。如果只有有限数量的私营实体和少量的投标人领域,那么竞争的减少将导致成本效益较低的伙伴关系。利润因风险而异。 项目经理帮助项目交付 这些只是一些更常见的施工交付方法,但是所有这些方法都通过使用项目管理软件进行了改进。ProjectManager是在线建设项目管理软件,通过实时通信连接各方,促进协作。当你们一起处理相同的更新数据时,项目的成功率会大大提高。 使用您想要的工具 不仅如此,设计师、建筑公司和业主并不总是使用相同的工具,这就是为什么我们有多个项目视图。业主可以查看日历,以确保达到里程碑。总承包商可以使用交互式甘特图在时间轴上组织任务并管理资源成本。现场工作人员可以在健壮的列表视图上检查任务,这些列表视图显示完成百分比,而设计人员可以在健壮的看板上直观地跟踪工作流程。所有视图都与实时数据同时更新,因此每个人都使用相同的数据。 一起工作更好 是的,多个项目视图都是一起更新的,但是我们的在线软件也意味着每个团队中的每个人都可以连接,无论他们是在办公室、现场还是远程工作。我们有无限的文件存储,这意味着您所有的施工文档和抽屉都在一个集中的集线器中,每个人都可以访问。所有文件都可以轻松共享,团队甚至可以在任务级别进行评论,或者标记未分配给该任务的人并将其带入对话。用户会收到电子邮件通知,以使其随时更新更改,但也有应用程序内警报,因此您不必离开该工具。我们的协作平台连接每个人,无论您使用哪种建筑交付方式。 我们的软件可以帮助计划,监视和报告建设项目的每个阶段,以使每个人都了解情况。实时仪表板为您提供了易于阅读的图形和图表中的六个项目指标的高级视图。数据是自动收集、计算和显示的-没有像轻量级工具那样的设置。您可以通过可自定义的状态,成本,时间等报告更深入地研究数据,这些报告可以与利益相关者共享以保持更新。我们是你满足所有建筑需求的一站式服务。 ProjectManager是屡获殊荣的建筑软件,无论哪种建筑交付方式适合您,都可以帮助您管理项目。我们的实时数据意味着更好的协作,我们拥有控制构建的各个方面所需的功能,从启动到关闭。立即免费开始使用ProjectManager。

以上中文文本为机器翻译,存在不同程度偏差和错误,请理解并参考英文原文阅读。

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