COVID-19 Event: a Frame-Based Terminology Approach

从COVID-19中认识框架型术语学方法

2020-04-16 20:17 terminology Coordination

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified for the first time in December 2019. Since then, it has affected a growing number of countries all over the globe and the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. This exceptional situation, described as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), requires the adoption of preventative measures as well as the publication of several reports, statements, and recommendations. As a result, a highly effective communication is needed in order to let citizens understand the vocabulary properly, and consistency in terminology plays a key role in getting the message across. Since facing an unprecedented situation is likely to have an impact on the language, it is possible that some terms change their meaning (re-semanticization), adapting it to the current context, or that new terms are coined. Thus, it is important to have a clear idea of the semantic and syntactic component of each specialized language unit, in order to understand the terms and their conceptual relations within the domain. To this end, frame-based terminology, a cognitive approach to terminology dating back to 2007, can come in handy. The main idea is to create a non-language-specific structure where specialized language units can be organized and their conceptual relations mapped. Since the language used to draft documents on COVID-19 is gradually getting richer in concepts and terms, TermCoord created an event specific to the coronavirus disease 2019 drawing inspiration from the semantic scheme illustrated in Disease event. The creation of the COVID-19 event entailed four main phases: Term extraction from WHO documents on the topic. Semantic and syntactic analysis of each language unit. Graphic representation of the connections between the concepts. Adaptation of the event to the characteristics specific to the coronavirus disease 2019. Disclaimer The objective of this event is purely linguistic. Thus, the medical information contained in it may not be complete and it is in no way intended as medical advice. TermCoord bears no responsibility for any decisions or actions taken after the consultation of the event. The event will be updated as new discoveries, measures and recommendations are published on COVID-19 by official health organizations. Sources Faber, P. (2015), Frames as a framework for terminology. In Handbook of Terminology, edited by Kockaert, H.J. & Steurs, F., 1:14-33. John Benjamins Publishing Company Cochrane, Coronavirus (COVID-19) – Cochrane resources and news [last seen on 06/04/2020] https://www.cochrane.org/coronavirus-covid-19-cochrane-resources-and-news Cochrane, Coronavirus (COVID-19): infection control and prevention measures [last seen on 06/04/2020] https://www.cochranelibrary.com/collections/doi/SC000040/full Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ [last seen on 06/04/2020] WHO, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 [last seen on 06/04/2020] Elisa Callegari Terminology trainee at the Terminology Coordination Unit of the European Parliament in Luxembourg. She holds a BA in Translation and Interpretation from the SSML University of Turin and a MA in Translation Studies from Paul-Valéry University of Montpellier. She studied Italian, English, French and Russian. Linguistics is her great passion and she has some experience in terminology, translation and formation of neologisms.
2019年12月确诊首例2019新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)。 自此以后,它影响了全球越来越多的国家,世界卫生组织于2020年3月正式宣布COVID-19为全球大流行病。 这种特殊情况被称为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC),需要采取预防措施,并发表若干报告、声明和建议。 因此,为了让民众正确地理解词汇,需要进行高效的沟通,而术语的一致性在传递信息方面起着关键作用。 由于这前所未有的情况很可能对语言产生影响,某些术语有可能会改变其意义(重新语义化),以适应当前的语境,或者有可能有新的术语被创造出来。 因此,每个专业语言单位的语义和句法成分都有其清晰概念非常重要,以便理解术语及其在该领域内的概念关系。 为此,框架型术语学这种可以追溯到2007年的对术语的认知方法可以派上用场。 其主要思想是创建一个非语言特定的结构,用以建构专门的语言单位并映射它们的概念关系。 由于用于起草关于COVID-19的文件的语言在概念和术语上逐渐丰富,TermCoord从此次疫情事件中阐述的语义方案中获得灵感,创建了一个针对2019新型冠状病毒疾病的项目。 创建COVID-19术语项目包括四个主要阶段: 提取世卫组织关于此主题文件中的术语。 分析每个语言单位的语义和句法。 构建展示概念之间联系的图形。 调整该项目使其符合2019新型冠状病毒疾病特有特征。 免责声明 这次活动的目的纯粹是语言上的。 因此,其中所载的医疗资料可能并不完整,亦绝非医疗意见。 TermCoord对疫情协商后所采取的任何决定或行动不承担任何责任。 随着官方卫生组织在COVID-19上公布新的发现、措施和建议,该术语项目会随之更新。 资料来源 Faber, P. (2015), Frames as a framework for terminology. In Handbook of Terminology, edited by Kockaert, H.J. & Steurs, F., 1:14-33. John Benjamins Publishing Company Cochrane, Coronavirus (COVID-19) – Cochrane resources and news [引用日期:2020年4月6日] https://www.cochrane.org/coronavirus-covid-19-cochrane-resources-and-news Cochrane, Coronavirus (COVID-19): infection control and prevention measures [引用日期:2020年4月6日] https://www.cochranelibrary.com/collections/doi/sc000040/full 约翰•霍普金斯医科大学冠状病毒资源中心(Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center) https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ [引用日期:2020年4月6日] 世界卫组织,冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行 (Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic) https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 [引用日期:2020年4月6日] 伊丽莎•卡莱格里亚(Elisa Callegari) 卢森堡欧洲议会术语协调部(Terminology Coordination Unit of the European Parliament)术语实习生。 她拥有都灵SSML大学的笔译和口译学士学位和蒙彼利埃Paul-Valéry大学的翻译研究硕士学位。 她研究的语言包括意大利语、英语、法语和俄语。 语言学是她最大的爱好,她在术语、翻译和新词的形成方面有一定的经验。

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